While some violations, like parking violations, are civil matters involving a vehicle's owner, moving violations are charged against the actual driver. Moving violation’s can include speeding, improper lane usage, and numerous violations that occur when a vehicle is in motion. However, moving violations enforced by automated camera enforcement may be prosecuted as civil violations against the vehicle's owner. Moving violations are classified as infractions or petty offenses. Some moving violations can be misdemeanors, but serious violations can be considered felonies.

The most commonly enforced moving violation, and the overwhelmingly most frequent reason for a vehicle pullover are violations of the speed limit. Measurements of motorist speed throughout time have found many roadways where compliance with speed laws is very low, making many motorists liable to be pulled over at the discretion of law enforcement. The police have various methods to detect a speeding vehicle. The police can use a radar gun or they can pace the vehicle. In most DUI arrests, the defendant was originally pulled over for a moving violation.

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